La industria de alimentos vegetales consume grandes volúmenes de agua de buena calidad y genera grandes cantida­des de agua residual. Uno de los sistemas que se pueden aplicar para reducir el consumo y el vertido de agua es la reutilización del agua de lavado. Para llevar a cabo la reutilización del agua sin comprometer la seguridad microbiológica y química de los alimentos es necesario optimizar el uso de agentes antimicrobia­nos. El cloro ha sido tradicionalmente el tratamiento de desinfec­ción usado por (...) la industria hortofrutícola para el agua de lavado. Sin embargo, su uso tiene la desventaja de la acumulación de subproductos de desinfección, lo que ha impulsado el estudio y el uso de desinfectantes alternativos como el ácido peroxiacéti­co. En cualquier caso, el mantenimiento de la seguridad micro­biológica y química de los alimentos vegetales frescos, en lo que respecta a la etapa de lavado, pasa por la selección de los límites operacionales que deben mantenerse en cuanto a la concentra­ción de desinfectante, así como la monitorización y control de los parámetros críticos relacionados con la desinfección, como es el contenido en materia orgánica. La optimización de la desinfec­ción tiene que tener en cuenta las peculiaridades de cada caso, incluyendo el tipo de producto lavado, el desinfectante usado, y el diseño y manejo de la línea de lavado. (shrink)

This volume has 41 chapters written to honor the 100th birthday of Mario Bunge. It celebrates the work of this influential Argentine/Canadian physicist and philosopher. Contributions show the value of Bunge’s science-informed philosophy and his systematic approach to philosophical problems. The chapters explore the exceptionally wide spectrum of Bunge’s contributions to: metaphysics, methodology and philosophy of science, philosophy of mathematics, philosophy of physics, philosophy of psychology, philosophy of social science, philosophy of biology, philosophy of technology, moral philosophy, social and political (...) philosophy, medical philosophy, and education. The contributors include scholars from 16 countries. Bunge combines ontological realism with epistemological fallibilism. He believes that science provides the best and most warranted knowledge of the natural and social world, and that such knowledge is the only sound basis for moral decision making and social and political reform. Bunge argues for the unity of knowledge. In his eyes, science and philosophy constitute a fruitful and necessary partnership. Readers will discover the wisdom of this approach and will gain insight into the utility of cross-disciplinary scholarship. This anthology will appeal to researchers, students, and teachers in philosophy of science, social science, and liberal education programmes. 1. Introduction Section I. An Academic Vocation Section II. Philosophy Section III. Physics and Philosophy of Physics Section IV. Cognitive Science and Philosophy of Mind Section V. Sociology and Social Theory Section VI. Ethics and Political Philosophy Section VII. Biology and Philosophy of Biology Section VIII. Mathematics Section IX. Education Section X. Varia Section XI. Bibliography. (shrink)

This is an introduction to a special section consisting of articles by Bernard Freydberg, Claudia Baracchi, and Charles Scott on the contributions of John Sallis to Continental Philosophy, followed by Sallis’s response. These papers were all presented as part of the session Contributions to Continental Philosophy: John Sallis at the annual meeting of the Society for Phenomenology and Existential Philosophy in Eugene, Oregon, in October 2013.

Research examining Service-Learning in Physical Education Teacher Education is ample. However, long-term investigations are still scarce and literature demands the application of this type of design to uncover the effects of SL on the long run. This study followed a longitudinal quantitative approach; thus, the participants completed the Civic Attitudes and Skills Questionnaire in three occasions. Results show that there exist significant differences between mean values of the global outcomes of the CASQ; concretely, there was an improvement in the first (...) interval followed by a decrease in the second period. Regarding the different dimensions of the CASQ, leadership skills, attitudes towards social justice and attitudes towards diversity showed significant differences too. This research leads towards better understanding of methodological strategies promoting quality education, positing SL as an adequate possibility in this respect, also in the long term. (shrink)

This article presents some culture and social influences in the construction of Brazilian identity in the hypermodern society of big cities. For that I’ll analyze the advertising world that represents this contemporanea society. I’ll describe some results of my doctorate thesis defended in May of 2007 with I pointed out the thematic and strategies of publicity persuasions more appeared in the more consumed magazines in Brazil in 2005, mainly the emotional strategies of publicity that are frequently used in this country (...) which I related them to the hypermodern values. Now I point out some reflexions to understand possible social relationships caused from those identities that appear in advertisings. The social media influence the ways of living, so they represent important material to study and comprehend the problems of contemporaneous social relationships. (shrink)

Os mitos antigos não estão mortos. A partir desta afirmação fundamentada nas obras de autores como Warburg, Jean Seznec, Erwin Panofsky e Fritz Saxl, este trabalho pretende apontar os caminhos históricos que legitimaram a sobrevivência do mito das sibilas no mundo cristão, em sua estreita relação com a astrologia. O paganismo não renasceu após o medievo, mas esteve sempre presente no cristianismo, não só como símbolos, mas como efetiva influência essencial sobre os homens e as suas vidas. Alguns momentos históricos (...) em particular são privilegiados neste caminho, desde os padres apologistas do cristianismo primitivo até o nascimento da ciência moderna. Sibilas e astrologia, como testemunhos “de fora” são presença constante seja na teologia cristã, seja na literatura e na música, ou nas representações plásticas do mundo cristão, que aqui privilegiamos. A sua sobrevivência ou pós-vida é ora afirmada também pela legitimação de grandes nomes da patrística e da escolástica, e ainda por meio da influência de Albumasar, teólogo muçulmano nascido no século VIII e que faz o elo entre sibilas, astrologia e a Virgem Maria. O que fazem as sibilas nos tetos das igrejas católicas? É esta a pergunta que o presente trabalho pretende, em grande medida, responder. (shrink)

En este trabajo caracterizamos la filosofia de M. Merleau-Ponty como una fenomenología de la expresión ontológica, por considerar que reflexiona sobre algunos impensados de Husserl y los prolonga en una nueva ontología contribuyendo así, una vez más, a superar los dualismos heredados, en este caso, el que se produce entre fenomenología y ontología. Aunque haremos un recorrido por toda la obra merleau-pontiana, para pensar el sentir nos centraremos en la última, en la que el cuerpo vivido, pieza clave de la (...) rehabilitación ontológica de lo sensible, interacciona entre lo visible y lo invisible y la percepción se redefine como proceso que ocurre entre mi carne y la carne del mundo. Así veremos cómo Merleau-Ponty desarrolla la génesis y la síntesis pasiva explicitando el problema de· la estética transcendental, implícita en Husserl. Ésta se inicia con la reflexividad corporal y culmina en la reversibilidad siempre inminente de la carne. La ·fenomenología describe la experiencia originaria de ese sentir desde dentro de su propia evidencia. (shrink)

This work starts by unfolding Levinas’ legacy from Bergson to phenomenology. Particularly, the article explores how Levinas deeply understood the meaning of Husserl’s transcendental idealism of Ideas I. He adheres to Husserl’s re(con)duction to the transcendental, understood by Levinas as the sense of existence overlooked by the naturalist ontology. Finally, it develops the Levinasian continuation of genetic phenomenology and its conclusion, that is, the irreducibility of ethical responsibility.

Implementation of formal specifications is very important in formal software development and can be described in terms of simple logical concepts. Formal specifications are presentations of theories in many-sorted first-order logic, and an implementation of a formal specification on another formal specification amounts to an interpretation of the former into a conservative extension of the latter. Here we present and analyse some sort introducing constructs akin to those found in many programming languages. This is of importance because it occurs often (...) in implementing formal specifications, when new sorts are ‘constructed’ from the concrete ones. We specify these constructs and show that these specifications provide extensions with behaviour close to that of the familiar extensions by definitions. (shrink)

Phenomenology and the Kyoto School implement an interaction among cultures1 that is not limited to illustrating Western philosophy wxith exotic similes. Insofar as my position is concerned, I will start out with phenomenology in order to study Nishida's work, trying on the one hand to understand the meaning that he gives to nothingness in relation to the Merleau-Pontian concept of creux in order, on the other hand, to enlarge reason and philosophy.To achieve this, I shall establish a comparison of the (...) two thinkers that will help to shed light on their conceptions, while at the same time demonstrating the efficacy of thinking the unthoughts or negativities indicating a... (shrink)

En el último capítulo del libro Sobre la Revolución, marcado por un tono casi nostálgico en la escritura, Hannah Arendt se pregunta por lo que quedó de aquella experiencia que caracterizó a las revoluciones libertarias. Aquella experiencia donde tuvo lugar y voz un espíritu público marcado por el poder de los iguales y distintos que inician una nueva acción. Es nuestro objetivo reconstruir la idea de una historia de las revoluciones de Arendt, que entendida como historia de la experiencia del (...) poder efímero y esquivo, ocurre y se desvanece. Un desvanecimiento que sin embargo, deja una huella que se guarda de una manera paradójica: Aunque no está disponible en el repertorio de la gran tradición, que ya no ejerce su fuerza dominadora, este espíritu revolucionario reaparece en la historia, permitiendo que nuevas generaciones la activen como historia. Esto es lo que a nuestro juicio se expresa las imágenes de �la herencia sin testamento� y el �tesoro perdido� que Arendt toma de René Char y usa para hablar del legado de las revoluciones, tanto en el libro Sobre la Revolución, como en la introducción de Entre pasado y Futuro.¿ Cómo se recuerda una experiencia revolucionaria? ¿Cómo se hace historia de la revoluciones si su experiencia específica constituye una herencia evanescente, que no permanece? ¿Cómo se puede heredar y así construir una historia sin la fuerza dominadora de la Tradición? Son las preguntas que orientarán nuestro trabajo. (shrink)

Este texto se propone la lectura de la novela Pedro Páramo a la luz de algunos de los conceptos que, a fin de caracterizar la hermenéutica literaria, y la teoría de la interpretación, elabora Paul Ricoeur en su texto Teoría de la argumentación. La primera parte consiste en una breve presentación de los mismos y la segunda en la lectura a partir de estos conceptos, y en particular del concepto de referente, de algunos pasajes de la novela de Juan Rulfo.

La Teoría estética de Adorno es uno de los más logrados intentos por llevar el arte moderno a su concepto. Su punto de partida es el reconocimiento del carácter social del hecho estético así como la resistencia del arte moderno respecto de cualquier finalidad social. Este doble carácter (de hecho social y autonomía) constituye al arte como un elemento crítico al interior de lo social, con lo que el intento de conceptualización toma la deriva de la crítica social. La naturaleza (...) de la crítica estética hace que el arte medie entre lo social y la utopía. (shrink)

This paper studies a family of monotonic extensions of first-order logic which we call modulated logics, constructed by extending classical logic through generalized quantifiers called modulated quantifiers. This approach offers a new regard to what we call flexible reasoning. A uniform treatment of modulated logics is given here, obtaining some general results in model theory. Besides reviewing the “Logic of Ultrafilters”, which formalizes inductive assertions of the kind “almost all”, two new monotonic logical systems are proposed here, the “Logic of (...) Many” and the “Logic of Plausibility”, that characterize assertions of the kind “many”, and “for a good number of”. Although the notion of simple majority (“more than half”) can be captured by means of a modulated quantifier semantically interpreted by cardinal measure on evidence sets, it is proven that this system, although sound, cannot be complete if checked against the intended model. This justifies the interest on a purely qualitative approach to this kind of quantification, what is guaranteed by interpreting the modulated quantifiers as notions of families of principal filters and reduced topologies, respectively. We prove that both systems are conservative extensions of classical logic that preserve important properties, such as soundness and completeness. Some additional perspectives connecting our approach to flexible reasoning through modulated logics to epistemology and social choice theory are also discussed. (shrink)

Este trabalho, apresentado em forma de ensaio filosófico e pedagógico, propõe experimentar modos outros de escrever e interpretar os conceitos de Michel Foucault. Para desenvolver a analítica, parte-se de três conceitos basilares: saber, poder e subjetividade. A tese que se instaura é que a interpretação se dá na articulação entre movimentos recíprocos de interioridade e exterioridade do sujeito –constituído pelos discursos, pelos jogos de poder e pelas tecnologias de si – que, para significar o mundo, dá nomes e, assim, sentido (...) para a existência. Como resultado, o trabalho propõe pensar a hermenêutica foucaultiana como transgressora, não pelo seu caráter subversivo, mas pela possibilidade de funcionar como ferramenta teórica e metodológica. Interpretar é, nessa perspectiva, projetar o espaço-outro, o tempo-outro e a vida-outra, indagando o impacto da crise anti-intelectualista e negacionista. (shrink)

This original article outlines a theoretical path and posterior critical analysis regarding two relevant matters in modern nursing: patterns of knowing in nursing and commodification contexts in contemporary health systems. The aim of our manuscript is to examine the development of basic and contextual nursing knowledge in commodified contexts. For this purpose, we outline a discussion and reflexive dialogue based on a literature search and our clinical experience. To lay the foundation for an informed discussion, we conducted a literature search (...) and selected relevant articles in English, Spanish, and Portuguese that included contents on patterns of knowing, commodification, and nursing published from 1978 to 2017. Globalization, commodification, and austerity measures seem to have negative effects on nursing. Work conditions are worsening, deteriorating nurse–patient relationships, and limiting reflection on practice. Nurses must develop knowledge to challenge and participate in institutional organization and public health policies. Development of nursing knowledge may be difficult to achieve in commodified environments. Consequently, therapeutic care relationships, healthcare services, and nurses' own health are compromised. However, by obtaining organizational, sociopolitical, and emancipatory knowledge, nurses can use strategies to adapt to or resist commodified contexts while constructing basic knowledge. (shrink)

RESUMENLa Carta de Derechos Fundamentales de la Unión Europea contribuye a desarrollar la ciudadanía europea, basada en valores comunes, como la justicia y la dignidad. La Carta se refiere al consentimiento libre e informado en Medicina y Biología, prohibiendo la clonación reproductiva y las prácticas eugenesicas. El artículo considera el papel de los temas de Bioética en la expansión de los derechos de los ciudadanos; los debates recientes han demostrado que los derechos han de estar garantizados y, además, que las (...) buenas practicas profesionales sólo pueden desarrollarse dentro de buenas instituciones. El artículo analiza el papel de los principios de gobernanza (transparencia, eficiencia, participación, rendición de cuentas), así como la relación interna entre éstos y la integración de las políticas publicas: las cuestiones de Bioética ejemplifican el proceso de «europeanización».PALABRAS CLAVEBIOÉTICA, UNIÓN EUROPEA, GOBERNANZA, BUENAS PRACTICAS, EUROPEANIZACIÓNABSTRACTThe Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union contributes to develop European citizenship based on common values like justice and dignity. The Charter refers to free and informed consent in Medicine and Biology, and prohibits reproductive cloning and eugenic practices. This article considers the role of bioethical topics in the expansion of citizens’ rights; in fact, recent debates not only have proved that rights have to be guaranteed but that good professional practice could only develop within good institutions. The article also analyzes the role of the principles of governance (transparency, efficiency, participation, accountability), and the internal relationship between these principles and the integration of social policies; bioethical issues could exemplify the process of Europeanization.KEY WORDSBIOETHICS, EUROPEAN UNION, GOVERNANCE, GOOD PRACTICES, EUROPEANIZATION. (shrink)

There are several lessons to be learned from the COVID-19. The crisis of 2020 not only had exposed the vulnerability of populations but also several unequalities. In this sense, autonomy, equity, equality, and other ethical basic principles define what ought to be done and also the limits of action, “drawing the line”. Equity is a core principle in public health. Justice as fairness could exemplify the normative and cognitive dimensions of principles. Equality defines the line to close the gender gap, (...) dramatically exposed by pandemics. Care práctice and care ethics are basic for health policies. Beyond autonomy, ethical principles allow us to identify the best practices in public health. (shrink)

En el pensamiento de H. Arendt, las lecturas sobre el totalitarismo de The Origins of Totalitarianism, pueden ser leídas en paralelo a sus lecturas sobre la sociedad de masas, de la labor y el consumo en The Human Condition. Nos interesa mostrar en este artículo que se trata de lecturas convergentes, que se encuentran ligadas en la evolución del pensamiento de la autora y conservan algunas notas temáticas comunes como la preocupación por: el aislamiento, la soledad, el desarraigo y el (...) proyecto de convertir a los seres humanos en seres superfluos. (shrink)